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Malawi

Anemia has substantial negative effects on the health and economic wellbeing of nations and communities. Children with anemia experience irrevocable cognitive and developmental delays and exhibit decreased worker productivity as adults.1 Globally, maternal anemia increases the risk of pre-term delivery and low birth weight, and iron-deficiency anemia underlies 115,000 maternal deaths and 591,000 perinatal deaths each year.2

Anemia Prevalence

Status of Policies or Strategies to Support Reductions in Anemia*

  IFA for pregnant women
  IFA for women of reproductive age
  IFA for adolescent girls
  Iron and/or folic acid fortification legislation
  Delayed cord clamping
  Dietary diversity for complementary feeding
  Micronutrient powders for children
  Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for household use
  Indoor residual spraying
  National policy on sanitation
  IPTp for pregnant women
  Malaria diagnosis and treatment
  Deworming for children
  Deworming for pregnant women
  Breastfeeding

Key

  no policy
  policy pending
  policy in place 
  missing documentation

*Information from the Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA) (https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en) and country strategies. The status of policies and strategies have been identified to the best of our knowledge. Revisions and updates are welcome. Evidence-informed WHO guidance can be found here: http://www.who.int/elena/en/

Pregnancy

In pregnancy, infections are a key cause of anemia and can be prevented by sleeping under a bednet and taking intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) for malaria and deworming pills. Anemia can also be prevented by taking iron folic acid (IFA) supplements.

Not enough women are taking IPTp to prevent malaria during pregnancy (54%, 2010)

Infants and Young Children

For infants and young children, delayed cord clamping, sleeping under a bednet, and exclusive breastfeeding reduce the risk of becoming anemic.

For young children, continued breastfeeding and adequate complementary feeding (including micronutrients), preventing and treating malaria, and taking deworming pills can prevent anemia and promote healthy growth.

In 2010, 45% of children 6-23 months of age consumed foods rich in iron

Women and Adolescent Girls

For women and adolescent girls, IFA supplements and deworming help prevent anemia.  Family planning delays the age at first birth.

One out of four married adolescent girls expressed an unmet need for family planning (2010)

Household

In households, improving basic hygiene and sanitation practices reduces the risk of infection and can help prevent anemia.

In 2010, 80% of the households had access to an improved source of drinking water